This course explores the commercial and ethical dimensions of biobanking and the global collection of genomic assets in the modern data economy. Focusing on the interplay between scientific discovery and the biotech industry, healthcare, government, and NGOs, students will examine the structure and functions of different types of biobanks or data repositories. Students will be able to analyze the motivations and risks of diverse stakeholders, including patients, clinicians, payers, and private companies. Attention will be given to the economic and regulatory environments that shape how genomic data is collected and used as a global asset. Ethical and legal issues will be discussed, including consent, privacy, benefit sharing, and equity. Real-world case studies of organizations across four classifications will be included. (1) Commercial Genomics and Data (e.g., 23andMe, TempusAI, Variant Bio, GeneDx), (2) Health Systems (e.g., Mycode [Geisinger], BeginNGS [Rady Children’s, NashBio) (3) Pharmaceuticals (Amgen / deCODE Genetics, Genentech / Roche, Regeneron Genetics Center) (4) National Initiatives and NGOs (e.g., All of Us, UK Biobank, H3Africa [Wellcome Trust], Native BioData Consortium).