This course examines genocide and resistance in comparative perspective, with particular attention to connections between the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust. We will analyze how Nazi ideologues drew on the Armenian case as a precedent and explore the role of Armenian genocide survivors in resisting Nazi occupation in France and Germany. The course will also study the defense of Musa Dagh during the Armenian Genocide as a formative episode of collective resistance against genocide, highlighting its influence on Jewish fighters in the Warsaw Ghetto. In addition, we will investigate the involvement of German military officers in the Ottoman Empire during World War I and trace their later trajectories into the Nazi Party and the Holocaust. Through survivor testimonies on USC Shoah Archives, archival sources, and scholarly debates, students will examine how empires, militaries, and ideologies produced overlapping systems of violence. The course will highlight the continuities and ruptures between the late Ottoman and Nazi contexts, analyzing how racial thought, imperial ambition, and militarized governance shaped both genocides. By situating acts of resistance, whether in Musa Dagh, the Warsaw Ghetto, or Nazi occupied Europe within these broader structures, students will consider how oppressed communities confronted annihilation and how their struggles illuminate the entangled history of genocide, empire, and resilience.