This course explores how health, disease, and medicine have shaped societies, states, and everyday life in the Middle East from the nineteenth century to the present. We examine how governments, empires, and international organizations built medical systems, managed epidemics, and responded to environmental and social challenges. Case studies of cholera, malaria, and plague highlight shifting ideas about contagion, environment, and medical expertise. The course also addresses the health consequences of war, displacement, and resource extraction. Special attention is given to borderlands, port cities, and refugee camps as spaces where health policies intersect with mobility, governance, and daily life. Drawing on historical scholarship, the course aims to help students analyze how public health policies have shaped social hierarchies, controlled mobility, and reconfigured relationships between states, citizens, and global actors. Assignments and discussions develop skills in historical interpretation, critical engagement with evidence, and interdisciplinary approaches within an accelerated summer format.