The natural physical environment undergoes constant change that impacts human populations and natural ecosystems around the world. To better understand the dynamic interactions driving these patterns of change, Earth scientists employ a system science approach to the study of the dynamic interactions within and among the 4 spheres of the Earth: geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. In this study, students examine Earth system dynamics including the rock cycle, tectonic activity, stream and ocean dynamics, and weather and climate systems. Students explore methods by which geological and climate histories have been reconstructed to establish a record of long term environmental change.This course contains elements which rely on vision and motor skills to complete. If you have a visual or motor impairment and are considering registering for this course, it is recommended that you reach out to Accessibility Resources and Services (Disability.Services@sunyempire.edu) in advance of registration to determine if this course is appropriate and what alternatives may be available.