This course provides an in-depth examination of the socio-economic history of the Middle East from the early 19th century to World War I. While covering a broad range of topics, we will directly pay special attention to particular topics. The course will focus on key areas such as institutional and productive aspects of the rural economy (e.g. crops, timar system, large estates, etc.), of urban economy (guilds, merchants, etc.), as well as economic transactions (commercial exports and imports, capitulations, etc.) In addition, we will explore the impact of imperialism, labor movements, and various forms of labor under capitalism. The course aims to foster a deeper understanding of the socio-economic forces and historical processes that shaped the Middle East during this transformative period. By the end of the semester, a student who is successful in this course will be table to: 1) Identify the mode of production and Institutions in the Middle East 2) Examine and criticize the economic thought and concepts, including wealth, capital accumulation, debt, forms of labor, core-periphery, etc. 3) Apply historical insights to contemporary issues of the MENA region.